清:清代前期词学风格论的核心范畴

Fresh and Clean: Core Category of Style Theory of Ci in Early Qing Dynasty

在清初词坛矫治鄙俗淫艳之风的过程中,词学风格论的核心范畴从"艳"向"清"发生转变。这既是词学批评内部因革损益的结果,也是受到了统治者对社会文化生活进行匡饬的影响。"清"范畴在构成态势上具有极大的开放性,它所衍生出来的一系列概念,涵盖了清初词学中有关创作主体、表达方式与审美特质等多个层面,构成了一套以"清"为核心的风格理论体系,并在客观上推动了当时的词风转变和流派构成。但是,词人们会因过度追求"清空"的艺术效果而忽视词体的抒情特性;同时,意境过"清"会导致词体气格上的"薄"与"弱"。为矫"清"之流弊,清代中后期的词学中又兴起了"厚"范畴与"寄托"说。

When the Ci world on initial stage of Qing dynasty were correcting vulgar,flossy and nuanced style,the core category of Ci style theory transferred from 'flowery'to 'fresh and clean'. It was the outcome of refinement inside Ci criticism and the influence of rectification of social culture life conducted by rulers. 'Fresh and clean'has strong openness in its constitution posture,deriving a series of concepts,covering multiple levels in Ci including the creation subject,phraseology and aesthetic appreciation,constituting a set of stylistic system with 'fresh and clean'as the core,and objectively promoting the transformation of Ci style and the constitution of schools. However,Ci poets may overlook the lyric features of Ci due to the pursuit of the artistic effect of 'fresh and clean ' excessively; the excessive 'fresh ' context will lead the style of Ci to 'thin ' and'weak'. To correct the bad effect of'fresh and clean',the Ci world of mid and late Qing dynasty sprang up the style of 'thick'and' bailment'.