从三杨庄遗址考古发现谈汉代吉语文字瓦当的使用

On the Title Ends with Auspicious Inscriptions of the Han Period: Featuring Archaeological Discoveries from the Sanyangzhuang Site

汉代吉语文字瓦当大量使用于西汉中晚期,东汉时期已较少使用。汉长安城内外皇家宫廷、离宫、陵寝及中央官署、机构等建筑上吉语文字瓦当使用数量和种类最多,也最具代表性。地方诸侯国及地方城邑内各类建筑上使用的吉语瓦当较少,内容多集中在"千秋万岁"或类似的内涵。以三杨庄遗址第二处宅院为代表的当时具有一定社会地位的较富裕者的住房上也使用"益寿万岁"等吉语文字瓦当。汉代对吉语文字瓦当的使用可能没有十分具体明确的规定,但对使用者身份、地位等有一定的限制。

Tile-ends with auspicious inscriptions were common during the middle and late period of the Western Han dynasty, which faded away in the late period. Such tile-ends were most commonly used in palaces and architectures of the central government, which were also the most characteristic among their kind. Tile-ends with auspicious inscriptions were much less common among regional kingdoms, the diversity of which also decreased. This article presents a case study of the Sanyangzhuang site, where tile-ends with auspicious inscriptions were found in association with a wealthy household. It is highly possible that no specific regulations were applied regarding such tile-ends, though they were correlated with status.