跨国公司逆向知识转移的母公司作用机制:基于战略和能力视角

Effecting Mechanisms of Reverse Knowledge Transfer in Parent Enterprises Investing Overseas Based on the Insights of Strategy and Capability

近年来中国企业知识资源寻求型海外投资日益增加,而实施海外子公司向母公司的逆向知识转移是获取东道国知识的有效途径之一。从母公司视角切入探讨中国企业如何通过逆向知识转移获取海外知识资源,在问卷调研和实证检验后得出结论:母公司国际化战略导向、母子公司控制程度、吸收能力和转移支持制度对逆向知识转移效果具有显著影响,前两类为战略因素,后两类为能力因素。同时,基于上述两类母公司因素的影响差异,将逆向知识转移影响机制分为四类,即同时关注战略导向和吸收能力的主导型、侧重知识吸收能力和创新的应用型、侧重知识寻求战略导向的调度型以及两者均较弱的被动型。

In recent years, Chinese enterprises have gradually emphasized the overseas investments motivated in knowledge assets. In order to meet the knowledge object, Chinese enterprises prefer to introduce the reverse knowledge transfer from the subsidiaries to parent companies so as to get access to the modern knowledge in the developed host countries. Therefore, this paper would make an empirical study on this issue to probe into the working mechanism of reverse knowledge transfer on the insight of Chinese parent companies based on the survey data from Chinese enterprises. And in this paper, we would introduce the strategy factors （ including international strategy and the controlling degree of parent companies ） , and the absorb factors （the knowledge absorbing capability and the supporting system ） to construct the two-dimension factor system of reverse knowledge transfer. After proofing the dramatic effect of the four factors to knowledge transfer by regression analysis, we would make further research on the transfer mechanism based on the two-dimension factors of parent companies, and have finally got conclusions that the parent mechanisms could be divided into four types, the leading mechanism, the applying one, the guiding one and the passive one.