社会学与语言学的两条主线--符号学的综合

Two Principal Lines of Sociology and Linguistics——Synthsis of Semiotics

在社会学和语言学里存在着两条发展线索:一条线索以把社会和个体分离开来,且特别强调前者及其规则为特征,另一条线索则坚持以统一的视角看待社会及其成员之间的关系,同时把社会规范视为内在于个体行动或实践,而非强加于日常生活具体实践的外部力量。第一条线索至索绪尔的语言学理论达到顶峰,而第二条线索则在戈夫曼的拟剧理论里提高到一个不可逾越的高度。分析社会学和语言学的这两条发展线索,无疑有助于我们进一步理解符号的本质属性。文本旨在揭示实现于戈夫曼,但又在很大程度上为人所忽视的这一符号学思想的重要转折。这一重要转折可以表述为:将符号的本质特性从外部强制性的规范引导到日常生活的互动情景,并将符号的社会属性这一维度与个体的日常实践内在统一起来。

Sociology and linguistics have two development clues： one clue is designed to separate society from individuals and lay special emphasis on the former and its rule as a feature; another clue to regard thhe realtion between society and its members from a unified perspective and take social norm as something inherient in individual action or practice rather than impose the outer force of daily- life concrete practice. The first clue comes to Saussuar linguistic theory at its peak and the second to Erving Goffman ＂s drama theory at intranscencible height. The two clues of analytical sociology and linguistics will- undoutedly, help us make a better understanding of the nature of signs. The essay is intended to reveal the important turn of Erving Goffman＇s semiotic idea neglected to largge extent by people. Such a significant turn can be described as： the essential feature of signs guided from external compulsory norm to interaction scene of daily life and the social attribute of signs unified with daily-life practice.