西部风积沙区超大工作面开采土地损伤评价

Land damage evaluation in coal mining area with super-size mining face at western aeolian sandy area

针对我国西部风积沙区超大工作面开采具有所处生态环境脆弱、开采强度大等显著特点,以神东地区大柳塔矿区为例,构建矿区土地质量指标体系和评价标准,将矿区土地质量分为5级,通过熵技术法确定评价指标的权重,采用改进的灰度关联法对矿区工作面土地损伤程度进行研究与评价。结果表明:影响矿区土地质量的主要因子是裂缝宽度、附加坡度、下沉深度及侵蚀模数,其次是有效P,有效K,植被覆盖度,有机质等因子;大柳塔矿区工作面土地质量为第4级,土地质量较差,损伤较为严重;改善矿区土地质量,应在采前预测土地损伤状况,采中优化开采技术,控制地形地貌改变,采后进行人工修复和生态环境的自我恢复。

According to the distinctive characteristics of fragile ecological environment and strong mining intensity in the super-size mining face at western aeolian sandy area, the paper took Daliuta Mining Area in Shendong as a study case, established the land quality index sys- tem and evaluation standard which divided the land quality in mining area into five levels, determined the evaluation index weight based on the entropy technology, and evaluated the land damage degree in mining area by using the improved gray correlation method. The evaluation results show that the most important impact factors of the land quality in mining area include crack width, additional slope, sinking depth and erosion modulus; the second main impact factors include effective P, effective K, vegetation coverage, organic matter and others. The land quality of Daliuta Mining Area faces is in the fourth level,which indicates that the land damage is relatively serious leading to poor land quality, and the land condition needs to be improved. It is necessary to predict land damage circumstance before mining, optimize the mining technologies and control the topographic change in the mining process, and carry out the artificial restoration and self-recovery of ecological environment after mining to improve the land quality in mining area.