“华人的美国梦”的叙事与美国国家形象的塑造——兼论20世纪五六十年代美国政府对华侨的宣传政策

Chinese-Americans' Versions of the American Dream:the U.S. Public Diplomacy towards Overseas Chinese and the Shaping of American National Images,1953～1965

随着美苏冷战对峙局势趋于缓和,以及美国对东南亚华人的政策发生转变,同时也是为了回应美国国内的种族矛盾问题,20世纪50年代中期之后,美国政府相关部门对于美国国家形象的宣传政策及宣传活动集中地体现在华裔美国人实现"美国梦"这一主题上。美国的宣传部门不遗余力地宣扬华裔美国人的成功经历,即"华人的美国梦"的实现。"华人的美国梦"不仅成为美国对华国家形象公关的重要宣传品牌,也深刻地反映了美国文化战略的实质,即依靠文化和情感维系美国对"第三世界"的无形控制。此外,"华人的美国梦"这一外宣主题也反映了美国对外宣传的内容从推广自由、民主价值观转向推销美国的生活方式与消费主义的趋势。这实际上体现了20世纪50年代中期之后美国人对于自身形象的新认知,折射出美国人的新的身份认同。

From 1953 to 1965,the tension of the Cold War tended to ease,and the U.S. made changes in its foreign policy towards overseas Chinese in the Southeast Asia,as well as made response to the international accusations on American domestic racial problems. As part of its foreign policy,U. S.public diplomacy worked to propaganda American national images towards Overseas Chinese by focusing on telling the stories on 'American Dream of Chinese Americans',which included three elements: social mobility,racial equality and integration,and economic abundance. Such propaganda and foreign policy reflected the U. S. informal empire's cultural strategy towards the Third World,binding the U.S. and Third World through emotion and cultural,racial integration,and showing the change of its national identities from liberal idealism to the economic definition of American greatness—abundance and consumerism.