英国高等教育基金委员会拨款方法的变迁研究

A Study of the Transition for the Funding Methods of HEFCE

2012年,英国政府在巨大的财政支出压力下,实行了新的高等教育财政政策,大幅调升了学生学费,公共财政拨款显著减少。对比2012年前后英国高等教育基金委员会拨款的具体方法,可以发现:教学拨款从以公式法为参照的整体拨款转变为以公式法为基础的绩效拨款;科研拨款则是一以贯之地支持高质量绩效表现的学术研究;同时增加了以校企互动绩效为基础的知识交换拨款。英国政府在创建并维持世界一流高等教育体系的过程中,已经不仅仅将拨款作为支持高等院校发展的财政机制,而是将之作为确保院校发展目标与其保持一致的绩效引导手段。

In 2012, the British government implemented the new higher education fiscal policy with a substantial increasing in tuition fees under the enormous financial deficit and expenditure pressure, thus public funding significantly reduced. In contrast to the specific approach of the Higher Education Funding Council for England （HEFCE） before and after 2012, it can be found that the funding method for teaching has changed from Block grant based on the formula method as reference to performance-based funding based on the formula method directly; research funding always support the academic research with higher quality performance; and increasing the knowledge exchange funding based on the interaction performance for university-to-business. Funding is not simply a fiscal mechanism to support HEIs development but a performance-based guidance for British government or HEFCE to ensure that the HEIs administration has the same goals in the process of creating and sustaining a world-leading higher education system.