紧急疏散下的引导员设置与仿真模拟

Guides setting and analogue simulation in emergency evacuation

为研究公共场所内引导员的设置对紧急疏散及逃生效率的影响,进行了3种工况的紧急疏散仿真模拟研究。基于分区疏散理念进行疏散区域的划分和引导员位置的设置,运用Building Exodus软件对3种工况下的人员紧急疏散情况进行仿真模拟,3种工况为无引导员、基于最短路径原则而设置引导员、综合考虑出口通行能力和最短路径原则而设置引导员。计算3种工况下的待疏散人员逃生效率及逃生时间,并进行对比分析。结果表明:综合考虑出口通行能力和最短路径原则设置引导员的工况,其出口利用率及逃生效率均最高,逃生效率的最佳工效统计(OPS)为0.087;基于最短路径原则设置引导员的工况位居其次,由于没有合理利用出口,导致所使用的逃生时间和无引导员工况的逃生时间相近,最佳工效统计(OPS)为0.417;无引导员工况的最佳工效统计(OPS)为0.443。仿真模拟研究结果表明,在公共场所紧急疏散时,按综合考虑出口通行能力和最短路径原则设置引导员,可提高人员疏散效率和出口利用率,同时减少人员疏散时间。

In order to make the exploration of the necessary setting of guides on emergency evacuation and escape efficiency from the public places,the emergency guide for the evacuation and escape efficiency from the public places,the paper would like to make an analogic simulation model for the emergency evacuation in the three different situations status-in-situ on the spot.Based on the subzone evacuation concept,the paper intends to divide the proposed evacuation zone into necessary sections and arrange some guides in charge of the excavation from such evacuation zones.What is more,the Building Exodus is supposed to be in charge of the emergency evacuation in the following three different cases,that is,with no guide,setting a guide on the basis for leading the excapees through the shortest ways and helping themout through the exit and/or the shortest way as a result of calculating and analyzing the three situations for excavation.As is indicated by the study results,it proves to be both realistic and idealistic to take into full account the guide-setting on the basis of comprehensive assessment of the exit traffic capacity and the shortest way by the highest exit utilization rate and escape efficiency,with the index of optimal performance statistics（OPS） being0.087.As to the guide-setting under the principle of the shortest path,cut,if the exit is not rationally employed,the time length would not be made different too much from the case with guidesetting at all,with their OPS being 0.417 and 0.443,correspondingly.Therefore,as is implied by the above simulated comparison results,risk can be greatly relieved and the evacuation time can be evidently shortened by properly guide-setting.Thus,it can be concluded that the study results of the paper can be taken as a reference to setting the emergency evacuation plan and arranging necessary guides in the public places nearby.