财政分权视角下中国环境污染综合评价:1998-2015——基于省际工业污染面板数据的实证

The Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental Pollution from the Perspective of Fiscal Decentralization in China:1998-2015——An Empirical Study Based on the Panel Data of Provincial Industrial Pollution

为有效评价中国环境污染现状及其影响因素,文章以1998-2015年中国30个省、自治区和直辖市的工业污染面板数据为样本建立三维时序立体数据表,运用"纵横向"拉开档次法测算中国环境污染综合指数,结果显示各省份环境污染具有较强的地区差异和时空差异,西部地区环境污染综合指数最小、中部次之、东部地区最大。以财政支出分权为解释变量,设立相关控制变量,建立固定效应模型,从全国和地区层面分别检验财政分权对环境污染影响,回归结果表明,财政分权度的提高会加剧环境污染,要迈过环境库兹涅茨曲线拐点需要加速经济发展。对环境污染其他影响因素的分析显示,第二产业比重增加、城市化进程加快、煤炭消费比重增加具有加剧环境污染的作用,对外开放水平的提高对环境污染具有一定影响,而政府环境管制效果不明显,需要探索改善环保投资结构。针对三大地区环境污染及其影响因素存在明显的地区差异,提出了改进环境质量的建议。

In order to effectively evaluate the present situation of environmental pollution and its influencing factors in China, we take the industrial pollution panel data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 1998 to 2015 as samples to establish three dimensional sequential solid data tables, calculate the comprehensive index of environmental pollution in China by ＂vertical and horizontal＂ scatter degree method. The results show that environmental pollution in all provinces has strong regional and temporal differ- ences, and the comprehensive index of environmental pollution is minimum in western region, central region next, eastern region is the largest. We employ fiscal expenditure decentralization as an explanatory variable, establish the relevant control variable and build a fixed effect model to test the impact of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution from the national and regional levels respectively. The regression results indicate that the enviromnental pollution will aggravate when the fiscal expenditure decentralization degree increases, we should accelerate the economic development to stride over the inflection point of the environmental Kuznets curve. The analysis of oth- er influencing factors of environmental pollution reveals that the increased share of the secondary industry, the rapid process of urbaniza- tion and the increase of coal consumption will intensify environmental pollution, the improvement of the opening to the outside world has a certain effect on environmental pollution, but government environmental regulation intensity is not significant, so we need to explore the improvement of environmental investment structure. We, aiming at the obvious regional differences of factors affecting environmental pollu- tion among the three major regions, put forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve environment quality.