运气是个人应得的吗?——关于罗尔斯与诺奇克之争的一种理论研究

Is Luck One's Desert?——A Theoretical Study Based on Rawls and Nozick's Dispute

罗尔斯与诺奇克之争始于上个世纪70年代,其争论的焦点在于"运气是否是个人应得的?"罗尔斯认为运气是社会合作的产物,是非个人应得的,因此,我们应当对其加以矫正。诺奇克则认为对于运气的矫正侵犯了个人的权利,因而是不正义的。诺奇克对于运气的理解虽然看似有理,但实际上并未能够深入到问题的内部,从而也就没有能够与罗尔斯站在同一高度进行对话,其对于罗尔斯的批评,多半属于对罗尔斯问题的误读与回避。罗尔斯理论的真正困境乃是对于"差别原则"的形而上学论证,我们只有放弃这一进路并将我们的理论视野转移到亚里士多德——马克思进路上来,以人的社会性与现实性为基,才能为罗尔斯的理论困境寻求更好的出路。

Rawls and Nozick＇ s luck one＂ s desert？＂ Rawls dispute started from the 1970s, the thinks that luck is the product of focus of which is that ＂is social cooperation and not one＇ s desert, so we should correct it while Nozick thinks that the correction of luck does violate individuals＇ rights,so it is not just.It seems that Noziek ＇ s understanding is rational,but actually it does not go deep into the problems,which fails to makes him stand at the same height and have a dialogue with Rawls. His critique to Rawls mostly results from misunderstanding and avoidance to Rawls ＇ problems.The real dilemma of Rawls ＇ theory is his metaphysical argument about ＂the difference principle＂ .Only when we give up this road and transfer our theoretical horizon to the Aristotle -Marx approach,and base it on humans＇ sociality and reality, can we find a better way out of the dilemma.