上海市居民通勤方式链特征分析与效率评价

Efficiency and Characteristics of Shanghai Residents' Commuting Trip Chains

为了解上海市居民通勤现状并改善其薄弱环节,以通勤时间为切入点,调查并分析上海市15个小区的居民通勤出行特征。首先明确通勤方式链定义,分析通勤方式链基本结构和环节组成,将其分为9大类23小类。同时划分4类通勤时间区间以及5类交通态度人群。总结方式链的时空分布规律,考虑主要态度人群"简单安全型"的通勤意愿,以公共汽车、地铁、公共交通组合方式链为例,评价方式链各环节效率。依据感知时间设计通勤者主观评价模型,不同环节通勤时间的改善会存在感知效果的差异。结果显示,接驳和候车是必要且易于改善的重点环节:接驳时间每增加1 min,期望节省时间平均增加0.021 min;候车时间每增加1 min,期望节省时间平均增加0.619 min。

In order to understand the existing commuting situation in Shanghai and solve its residents＇ travel problem, this paper investigates the characteristics of commuting travel of residents in 15 communities in Shanghai. By accurately defining the trip chain, analyzing its basic structure and components, the paper classified the trip chain into 9 categories and 23 sub-categories at 4 commuting periods with 5 groups with different attitudes on travel. Based on the characteristics of commuting trip chain＇s distribution by time and space, and majority of commuters＇ desire for ＂simple and safe travel＂ , the paper evaluates the efficiency of each phase of commuting trip chain by bus, subway, and combined public transit travel. A subjective evaluation model of commuters is developed based on the perception of time. The improvement of travel time in different commuting phases could perceive differently. The results show that connecting and waiting are key phases which should be and are easy to be improved. For every one minute increased in connecting time, the expected time saving increases 0.021 minute in average. For every one minute increased in waiting time, the expected time saving increases 0.619 minute in average.