陕西临潼新丰秦墓出土青铜器的初步科学分析研究

The Preliminary Scientific Analyses and Studies on the Bronzes Unearthed from the Burials of the Qin Dynasty at Xinfeng Town in Lintong District,Shaanxi

本文采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪对陕西临潼新丰秦墓出土的青铜器进行了科学分析。结果表明,新丰铜器的成形工艺包括铸造和锻造两种,但以铸造为主;铸造铜器的材质以高合金量的铜锡三元合金为主,而锻造铜器则为低铅青铜;铜垫片为热锻而成,材质为铜锡二元合金或低合金量的铜锡铅三元合金,明显不同于器物基体。根据这一结果,并结合已有的研究成果,对新丰秦墓出土铜器的技术特征进行了讨论。本文的研究结果为全面揭示战国晚期秦国乃至秦代的青铜器制作技术提供了重要的信息资料。

The bronzes unearthed from the burials of the Qin Dynasty at Xinfeng Town have been scientifically analyzed with metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer; the results showed that the forming technology of these bronzes included casting and forging, but the casting took the bulk; the material of the cast bronzes was mainly high-solute copper-tin-lead ternary alloy and that of forged bronzes was low-lead bronze; the bronze spacers were made by hot forging technique, and their materials were copper-tin binary alloy or low-solute copper-tin-lead ternary alloy, which were obviously different from that of the utensils themselves. Based on this result and referring to the results of the previous studies, this paper discussed the technical characteristics of the bronzes unearthed from the burials of the Qin Dynasty at Xinfeng Town. The research results of this paper provided important information and data for comprehensively revealing the bronze making techniques of the Qin State in late Warring-States Period even the Qin Dynasty.