留学生第二课堂:地方普通话和当地方言学习——基于常态汉语环境的对外汉语教学总体设计

The Second Classroom for International Students of Chinese:Teaching of Local Putonghua and Local Dialects

本文基于积极利用汉语环境资源,基于普通话、地方普通话和方言并存并用的常态,基于全面提升来华留学生综合语言能力的考量,建议改革现有的只教授普通话的总体设计,将地方普通话和当地方言作为普通话的辅助教学内容,作为来华留学生汉语学习的第二课堂,纳入对外汉语教学总体设计中,形成"普通话—地方普通话—方言",即"一主(70%普通话)二辅(20%地方普通话,10%当地方言)"的总体架构,以期更好地促进汉语环境资源的利用,增强来华留学生的汉语适应能力、交际能力和学习能力。文章指出,实现这样一种教学内容的革新,关键在于更新教学观念。

This article suggests that the teaching of Chinese as a Second Language should include not only the standard Putonghua but also local Putonghua and local dialects. This proposal is based on considerations of Chinese language resources in China, the socio- linguistic reality of the co-existence of the three types of linguistic codes, as well as the de- velopment of listening and speaking competence for international students. This article sug- gests that the teaching of Chinese as a Second Language should follow a model of ＇Standard Putonghua （70%） - Local Putonghua （20%） - Local Dialect （10%）＇, with Standard Pu tonghua being the primary input and the latter being supplementary. This model is able to promote a better use of the current Chinese language resources, and improve the cultural a- daptability, communication ability and learning ability for international students. The article concludes by pointing out that the realization of such a reformation of teaching contents lies in an update of teaching beliefs.