上古汉语“主之谓”结构的语体考察——以《史记》和《论衡》为例

A Stylistic-Register Grammar Investigation on the “Subject-Zhi-Predicate” Structure in Archaic Chinese:A Case Study on Shiji and Lunheng

"主之谓"是上古汉语里很常见的语法结构。历来有不少学者认为"主之谓"是名词性词组,或者"之"的功能是"取消句子独立性"。本文根据《史记》和《论衡》中"主之谓"的分布与差异,对上述观点提出质疑。在穷尽性统计和分析《史记》和《论衡》"主之谓"材料的基础之上,提出:(1)"主之谓"是一种韵律格式,具有不同的表达功能(包括议论、感叹和疑问);(2)"主之谓"格式在上古汉语多用于正式语体的议论体;(3)"之"具有泛时空的语法功能,本质上与句子独立性无关。

＂Subject-zhi（之）-Predicate＂ is a common structure in Archaic Chinese. It has been widely agreed that ＂Subject-zhi-Predieate＂ is a nominal phrase, or ＂zhi＂ is inserted be- tween the subject and the predicate to tum the sentence into a phrase. This paper proposes a different research approach from these analyses. By conducting a statistical investigation on the ＂Subject-zhi-Predicate＂ structure in the Shiji （史记） and the Lunheng （论衡） under the theory of Stylistic-Register Grammar, we propose that （1） ＂Subject-zhi-Predicate＂ is a pro- sodic structure bearing different expressive functions （including argumentation, exclamation and interrogation） ; （2） ＂Subject-zhi-Predicate＂ is commonly used in Archaic Chinese as an argumentative stylistic-register in the Formal Stylistic-Register Grammar; （3） ＂zhi＂ reveals the spatiotemporal-free grammatical function, and is irrelevant to nominalization in nature.