土壤调理剂不同用量对木薯产量和土壤理化性状的影响

Cassava yield,and soil physical and chemical properties under different application rates of soil conditioners

【目的】研究土壤调理剂不同施用量对连作木薯地土壤理化性质和木薯产量及其性状的影响,为木薯的高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以木薯品种新选048为试验材料,设置0(CK)、750(A)、1500(B)和2250 kg/ha(C)共4个处理,测定土壤调理剂不同用量处理下的土壤水含率、孔隙度、三相比、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及木薯产量的相关性状。【结果】施用土壤调理剂处理与CK相比,土壤水含率差异不显著(P>0.05)。施用土壤调理剂的3个处理均能增加土壤的孔隙度,降低土壤固相比例,增加气相比例,其中以2250 kg/ha用量的效果最佳。调理剂能增加土壤中碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,施用量为1500和2250 kg/ha能显著增加木薯块根长及单株块根重,从而提高块根产量。【结论】土壤调理剂可改善土壤物理性状,促进土壤养分有效化,促进木薯块根伸长增粗,增产效果明显,其中,施用量为1500和2250 kg/ha的处理效果相对较优,在广西木薯生产上具有一定的推广价值。

[ Objective ]Effects of soil conditioners with different application rates on physical and chemical properties of continuous cropping soil and the yield of cassava were studied in this experiment, in order to provide theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of cassava. [Method]Cassava variety Xinxuan 048 was taken as material. Four treatments, 0（CK）, 750 （A）, 1500 （B） and 2250 kg/ha（C）, were set. The moisture content, porosity, three phase ratio, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and traits related to yield were determined under different app- lication rates of soil conditioners. [Result]There was insignificant difference in soil moisture content between soil condi- tioner treatments and CK（P〉0.05）. In three soil conditioner treatments, soil porosity and soil gas phase proportion were increased and soil solid phase proportion was decreased, and 2250 kg/ha treatment had the optimal effects. Contents of al- kaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium and organic matter of soil were also increased by soil conditioners. 1500 and 2250 kg/ha soil conditioners could obviously improve length of root tuber and weight of root tu- ber per plant, and eventually enhanced cassava yield. [Conclusion]Soil physical properties and nutrient can be improved by soil conditioners. Cassava root tuber can be enlarged and elongated, thus the yield is improved obviously. Among all the treatments, 1500 and 2250 kg/ha treatments present the optimal effects and can be promoted in cassava planting in Guangxi.