粤北地区医学生器官捐赠宣传教育效果分析

Effects of organ donation education program on medical students in northern of Guangdong Province

目的分析粤北地区医学生在宣传教育干预前后器官捐赠知识、态度和意愿的改变,为今后开展公众宣传提供参考。方法基于计划行为理论制定2 h宣教方案,随机整群抽取一年级临床医学专业本科生2个班,实验组52人进行干预,而对照组50人不干预,采用器官捐赠量表分析干预前后的变化。结果与对照组和干预前相比,实验组干预后捐赠知识得分(8.62±0.82)、意愿得分(2.54±0.83)升高而态度得分(2.73±0.81)降低,且捐赠角膜(73.08%)、肾(53.85%)、肝(40.38%)、骨髓(51.92%)和皮肤(25.00%)的意愿率明显增加(P<0.05);但签署捐赠家人器官同意书的意愿并无明显改变(P>0.05),仅1名医学生(1.92%)签署器官捐赠同意卡。结论宣传教育可提升医学生器官捐赠的知识、态度和意愿水平,但未能有效改善捐赠行为,因此有必要持续开展宣传教育和培训,提高捐赠知晓率和参与率。

Objective To explore the effects of an education program on the knowledge, attitudes and willingness of organ donation among medical students in northern of Guangdong Province, and to provide reference for public propaganda in future. Methods Participants were recruited from 2 classes of first-year clinical medical undergraduates by random clus- ter sampling, and were divided into an experimental group （n =52） and a control group （n=50） with or without 2-hour education program for organ donation based on the theory of planned behavior. A questionnaire survey on organ donation was conducted before and after educational intervention. Results The scores of students＇ knowledge （8.62±0. 82） and will- ingness （2. 54±0. 83） were increased, and the score of the attitude （2. 73±0. 81 ） was decreased in the experimental group after the intervention compared with before the intervention and the control group （P 〈 0. 05）. The willingness rates of donating cornea （73.08%）, kidney （53.85%）, liver （40.38%）, bone marrow （51.92%） and skin （25.00%） were significantly increased （P 〈0. 05）. However, the willingness of signing consent to donate organs of their families did not change significantly （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Only one medical student （ 1.92% ） signed an organ donation card. Conclusion The education program can improve medical students＇ knowledge, attitudes and willingness of organ donation, but fail to effectively improve donation behavior. Therefore, it is imperative that continuous education and training should be advised to increase the rate of public awareness and participation on organ donation.