建筑表面光污染对建设公共交通导向型(TOD)城市中步行环境的影响——以厦门市BRT一号线站点周边为例

Effects of Light Pollution on the Pedestrian Environment in the Construction of Public Transport Oriented(TOD) Cities——A Case Study on the Peripheral of BRT No.1 Line in Xiamen

建筑表面的光污染问题随着上个世纪80年代玻璃幕墙的引入而日益严重和凸显,成为城市环境污染不可忽视的一个方面。虽然对于建筑光污染的研究已经比较成熟,但是主要侧重材料,倾斜角度,构件等建筑本身的优化以及对光污染形成机理的探讨,迄今尚很少有在城市层面来剖析这一问题。本文以建筑光污染对步行的影响入手,探讨在发展公交导向型(TOD)城市时步行系统周边建筑表面光污染对人们出行方式的影响。公交导向型的城市发展模式已经在国内外的研究中有一定的积累,但是针对步行友好的研究还比较缺乏,影响步行的因素很多,但是建筑表面光污染还很少见到被纳入影响因子的。本研究由5个调研小组经历4周完成了厦门BRT一号线周边现场踏勘及问卷调研,定位了多处表面光污染对行人造成困扰的建筑,同时通过问卷调查发现大约13%的行人因为建筑表面光污染严重影响到自身行走而改变了原定的路线或者出行方式;高达66%的人在路上行走时感受到建筑光污染的不良影响。最后本文提出了多种途径多部门协作的解决方案,如对新建建筑的材料评估,规划人行道路时进行相关预评估,通过调整角度和走向等细节将污染影响减小,同时还可以考虑种植合适高度的行道树来减少现存污染的影响。

Building light pollution has been discussed since the glass curtain wall was introduced in the 1980s. Although there have been a great number of related research, most of them focused on the buildings themselves, such as materials, artifacts, decorations, the angle of inclination and so on. The mechanism of building light pollution has been deeply discussed, however, few studies analyzed this problem at the city or urban level. This research would fill in this gap and try to explore how building light pollution impact the walking behavior of pedestrians living in the TOD communities. There are a lot of studies in the TOD field, however, only a few focused on the walking environment as well as the factors affecting the residents walking to the transit.Through four weeks of field trips and surveys around station areas, the buildings with light pollution that influence pedestrians have been located. It is also concluded that around 13 percentage pedestrians changed their travel modes or routes, meanwhile almost 66 percentage pedestrians felt uncomfortable while passing by these buildings. Finally, this research proposed a variety of ways through multi-level collaborations, such as evaluating the new construction materials, preevaluating the planning sidewalks with proper angles and using street trees to decrease the negative impacts from the building light pollution.