吉林省春玉米土地生产潜力时空变化及其与气候因子的关系

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Land Potential Productivity of Spring Maize and Its Relationship with Climate Factors in Jilin Province

利用1961~2015年气象观测资料、春玉米生长发育及产量资料和土壤数据,计算了吉林省不同区域的春玉米土地生产潜力,并分析其时空变化特征及主要的气候影响因子。结果表明:吉林省各区域的太阳辐射均呈显著减小趋势(P<0.05),≥10℃有效积温均呈极显著的增加趋势(P<0.01),降水量变化趋势不显著。太阳辐射和≥10℃有效积温呈由西向东逐渐降低趋势,降水量呈由西向东逐渐增加趋势。春玉米土地生产潜力由西向东呈低-高-低的趋势分布。西部和中部区域土地生产潜力呈减小趋势,东部区域土地生产潜力呈上增加趋势,但变化趋势均不显著。西部、中部和东部区域土地生产潜力平均值分别为7544.5、12346.4和11878.0 kg hm^(-2)。土地生产潜力利用率由西向东逐渐降低,西部、中部和东部区域利用率平均值分别为74.2%、61.1%和47.5%。降水量是西部和中部土地生产潜力的主要气候影响因子,≥10℃有效积温是东部土地生产潜力的主要气候影响因子。

In accordance with the observed meteorological data from 1961 to 2015, the observed data of spring maize and soil data, the land potential productivity of spring maize in different zones of Jilin Province were calculated. The temporal and spatial change characteristics of land potential productivity and the primary climatic factor were analyzed. The result indicated that solar radiation were decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05）, ≥ 10℃ effective accumulated temperature were increased significantly （P 〈 0.01） and different regions in Jilin Province. Solar radiation and 〉 graduall the change trends of precipitation was not significant on 10℃ effective accumulated temperature were decreased y from west to east, the precipitation was increased gradually from west to east. Distribution characteristic of land potential productivity for spring maize showed the trend of low-high-low from west to east. The land potential productivity in western and central region was decreased, while it was increased in eastern region. The land potential productivity was 7544.5, 12346.4 and 11878.0 kg hm^-2, respectively, in western, central and eastern region. The utilization rate of land potential productivity was decreased from west to east, and its average was 74.2%, 61.8% and 47.5%, respectively, in western, central and eastern region. The primary climatic factor of land potential productivity was precipitation in western and central region and was the ≥ 10℃ effective accumulated temperature in eastern region.