水肥管理对带田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Management on Soil Fertility and Crop Yield in Wheat/Corn Intercropping System

通过8年田间定位试验,采用裂-裂区的试验方法研究了灌溉定额、绿肥、化肥及其交互作用对灌漠土小麦/玉米带田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响。结果表明:随灌溉定额的增加,土壤全钾和全盐含量极显著降低,速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著降低,pH值极显著上升。种植绿肥能极显著提高土壤的有机质、全氮、全钾和速效氮含量,能极显著降低土壤的pH值。施用化肥可以极显著提高土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和全盐含量,能极显著降低土壤的pH值。对于小麦/玉米带田来说,6000 m3hm^(-2)的灌溉定额足以保证带田作物的产量水平,但要十分注意灌溉定额和灌溉时间的合理搭配,灌溉定额和灌溉时间要合理分配在影响小麦玉米产量的关键生育期。4500 m3hm^(-2)的灌溉定额下,种植绿肥能显著提高小麦产量。施用化肥能极显著提高小麦产量、玉米产量以及小麦玉米的总产量。灌溉定额与化肥之间的交互作用对玉米产量和总产量表现出极显著的影响,6000 m3hm^(-2)的灌溉定额下施用化肥能极显著提高带田玉米产量和总产量,此条件下带田玉米产量和总产量均达到最高。

The effects of irrigation quota, green manure, chemical fertilizer and their interaction on soil fertility and crop yield in wheat/corn intercropping system in irrigated desert soil region were studied using a split-split plot design in an 8-year field experiment. The results showed that soil total K, total salt, available N, available P and available K content decreased significantly with increasing irrigation quota. Soil pH increased significantly with increasing irrigation quota. Green manure increased soil organic matter, total N, total K and available N contents, and decreased soil pH significantly. Chemical fertilizer increased soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, available K and total salt contents, and decreased soil pH significantly. The irrigation quota of 6000 m3 hm-z was enough to guarantee crop yield in wheat / corn strip intercropping, but a proper cooperation of irrigating water quota with irrigation time must be concerned. Green manure increased wheat yield significantly under the irrigation quota of 4500 m3 hm-2. Chemical fertilizer significantly increased wheat yield, corn yield and their total yield under strip intercropping. The interaction between irrigation quota and chemical fertilizer had extreme significant effects on corn and total yields. Chemical fertilizer increased corn and total yield significantly under the irrigation quota of 6000 m3 hm-2 where the highest corn and total yield were also achieved.