花垣县铅锌矿采矿用地时空变化特征及其驱动力分析

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics and its driving force of lead-zinc mining land in Huayuan County

矿产资源开发给人们带来经济效益的同时也引发了一系列环境问题。采矿用地的合理开发与利用备受国土部门及社会的关注。本文运用RS决策树分类和GIS空间分析技术、采矿用地动态变化模型、地物转移矩阵以及质心迁移法,研究了花垣县铅锌矿采矿用地的面积数量变化、空间格局演变及其驱动力分析,结果显示:(1)1990~2014年间,1990年尚未有铅锌矿采矿用地,自1999年建成三个矿山以来,铅锌矿采矿用地呈持续增长的趋势,且其主要来源于林地;(2)受铅锌矿化带成矿条件的影响,从采矿用地的空间格局变化来看,采矿用地扩张趋势是以李梅铅锌矿区为中心,顺矿化带从东北向西南方向扩张;(3)受社会经济因素的影响以及政策的制约,1999~2003年、2003~2009年、2009~2014年三个阶段的变化状态呈现加速再减速的过程,其变化速率在研究时段内呈"Λ"态势;(4)政策管控、引导及民众配合,是推动未来矿山走向有序开发和合理利用的最具执行力和最有效的方式。研究采矿用地时空变化特征及其驱动力分析,对矿山开采规划和统筹发展具有现实指导意义。

The development of mineral resources generates economic benefits to people and problems to the environment. The rational exploitation and utilization of mining land attract the attention of the land department and the society. Combined with RS decision tree classification and GIS spatial analysis technology, and by adopting dynamic changing model of mining land,ground object transfer matrix, and mass center migration method, the paper analyzed the changes of area and number of Pb-Zn mining land in Huayuan County, the evolution of spatial pattern and its driving force. It shows that： （1） Between 1999 and 2014, there was no Pb-Zn mining land in 1990, but since the establishment of the three mines in 1999 Pb-Zn mining land expanded rapidly and was mainly transformed from forest land. （2） Under the metallogenic conditions of Pb-Zn mineralization belt, and from the respective of spatial pattern of mining land, the mining land expands a round Limei Pb-Zn mining area and extends from northeast to southwest along the mineralized belt. （3） Constrained by social, economic and policy factors, the variation rate increases and then decreases in three stages （1999-2003, 2003-2009, 2009-2014） in an inverted ＂∨＂ shaped pattern. （4） The combination of policy control, guidance and public coordination is the most enforceable and effective way to promote orderly development and rational utilization of the mines. The analysis of the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and its driving force of mining land has practically guiding significance for exploration planning and overall development of mines.