功能构造语法视角下解读go home短语

The Interpretation of GO HOME from the Perspective of Functional Constructive Grammar

对于go home这个短语构造,目前大部分英文词典和语法学家都将该短语中的go界定为不及物谓词,将home界定为副词,在短语构造中作附语,修饰谓词。这种解读有失偏颇,因为go与home之间不是修饰与被修饰的向心关系,而是补充说明的述谓关系或者说离心关系。深入研究谓词的分类、副词与名词的区别、补语宾语附语之间的区别等方面,再基于构造转换分析,可以推论go是一个不及物谓词,在短语构造中作谓语。home是一个带有隐性前置词to的名词,(to)home在短语构造中作谓语补语。通过检索CLOWN和CLOB两个英语语料库,发现go+N/NP这种构式存在不少案例,但总的来说N/NP的范围一般只局限在表示特定地理位置的名词短语上。此外还推测出go+N/NP的形成受到了语言简化、语法化、语言融合及语言使用的经济性原则等方面因素的影响。

With regard to the construction of go home, most dictionaries and grammarians considered go as an intransitive verb which functions as a predicator in the phrase and home as an adverb which functions as a modifier to the verb. However, home actually doesn＇ t modify go, but serves as a complement to go. In order to have a bet- ter understanding of this construction, it would be better to know more about the classification of verbs, the differ- ence between adverbs and nouns, and the differences between object, adjunct and complement. Basing on the Functional Constructive Grammar, the author reached the conclusion that go is an intransitive verb, which functions as a predicator, and home is a noun carrying an implicit preposition to, which serves as a complement to the predi- cator in the phrase. Besides, the present author has also searched two English corpora CLOWN and CLOB with the aim of getting more research evidences. The result shows that there exist 71 examples of go ＋ N/NP construction, and N/NP in those examples usually denotes the conception of geographical location. The existence of go ＋ N/NP can be attributed to the following elements such as： simplification of language, grammaticalization, language influ- ence etc.