单一被试研究在我国特殊教育研究中的应用现状、问题及对策

Single-Case Research in China's Special Education Research:Application,Problems and Solutions

单一被试研究是以少数几个被试为研究对象,通过时间序列下的行为演变来确定实验效果的一种研究方法,属于广义个案研究的范畴。单一被试研究在国外应用普遍,在国内却仍处于应用的起步阶段。本文基于文献计量学的方法,对CNKI发表的教育类单一被试研究进行检索、分析,发现我国的单一被试研究存在若干问题:应用数量少;实验设计类型比较单一;实验控制比较粗放;数据分析方法不严谨;观察者一致性和干预忠诚度数据缺失;实验复制不足,研究外推效度低;社会效度缺乏及研究缺少生态性等。这些问题限制了该方法的进一步推广和应用。论文最后尝试提出相应的对策。

Single-case research, a research method used to determine the effect of an experiment based on only a few subjects for study and behavior changes under time series, is in a broad case categorized into a case study. Though it is widely used in foreign countries, it has just been started in China. This study, based on bib- liometrics, analyzes articles concerning education-oriented single-case research from the text database of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, and finds problems as follows： low-frequency application, single types of experimental designs, excessively extensive experimental control, unfigorous date analysis, insufficient data on interobserver agreement and fidelity, imuttlcient experimental replication, low external validity, and insufficient social validity and ecological features. All these problems limit the further popularization of single-case research. In conclusion, this study gives corresponding solutions.