自闭症儿童涂鸦画特征研究

On the Features of Autistic Children's Scribble Paintings

目的:探讨自闭症儿童涂鸦画特征及其相应的心理和行为特征。方法:运用本研究制定的21项儿童涂鸦画评定指标,对68名自闭症儿童和72名普通儿童的涂鸦画进行评定和特征比较。结果:(1)两组绘画概念维度的差异表现在"不当用纸"和"边界概念"两个项目上;(2)两组空间概念维度的差异表现在"面积"、"中心"、"平衡"三个项目上;(3)两组线条特征维度的差异表现在"流畅线"、"构型线"、"控制形"和"极短线"四个项目上;(4)两组整体特征维度的差异表现在"异类叠加"、"单线不匀"、"整体不匀"、"线条统一"、"矛盾样"和"联合样"六个项目上。结论:涂鸦画是大部分自闭症儿童可以完成的绘画形式;自闭症儿童涂鸦画有其异于普通儿童的群体特征;自闭症儿童涂鸦画特点反映了其心理和行为特点。

This study aims to explore the features of scribble paintings by autistic children and their psycho-logical and behavioral characteristics, by using 21 self-devised indicators for the evaluation of scribble paintings to test 68 autistic children and 72 typically developing children. The results show the following： （1） In the dimen- sion of the concept of painting, the two groups showed difference in the improper use of paper and the concept of boundary; （2） in the dimension of the concept of space, the difference arose in the area, the center and balance; （3） in the dimension of linear features, the difference lay in the smooth line, the configuration line, the control line, and the short line; and （4） in the dimension of overall features, the difference was shown in hetero-geneous overlay, the irregularity of a single line, the irregularity of the whole, the unity of lines, the condition of contradiction, and the condition of association. The study concludes the following： Scribble paintings are a kind of paintings that can be accomplished by most autistic children; scribble paintings by autistic children show their group features, compared with those by typically developing children; and scribble paintings by autistic children reflect their psychological and behavioral characteristics.