2006-2015年我国妇幼卫生资源配置状况分析

Analysis on maternal and child health care resources allocation from 2006 to 2015 in China

[目的]回顾2006-2015年国内妇幼卫生资源配置变化情况和地区间卫生公平性,为妇幼卫生政策制定提供依据和建议。[方法]通过查阅《中国统计年鉴》、《中国卫生统计年鉴》、《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》数据,分析我国近10年妇幼卫生资源情况,并利用洛仑兹曲线和基尼系数,分析各省市间妇幼卫生配置公平性。[结果]妇幼保健院床位数从2006年的9.93万张增加到2015年的19.54万张,执业医师从74930人上升到105832人,执业护士从47014人上升到124414人。每千名妇女的床位数、执业医师人数、执业护士数分别从0.16、0.12、0.07上升到0.29、0.16、0.19;每千名儿童的床位数、执业医师、执业护士数分别从0.38、0.29、0.18上升到0.81、0.44、0.51。各省市妇幼卫生资源按人口分布接近公平线,基尼系数在0.4以内,但极差相差较大。[结论]近十年来妇幼保健床位数、执业(助理)医师和执业护士数整体呈现上升趋势,但年增长率呈现波动,妇幼保健卫生的千人人均拥有量增速较缓,且总量在1以内,远低于每千人口人均卫生资源拥有量。

Objective To review the change of maternal and child health （MCH） care resources allocation from 2006 to 2015 and interzone health equality, so as to provide basis and suggestion for maternal and child health care policies. Methods The data was obtained from ＂China Statistical Yearbook＂, ＂China Health Statistical Yearbook＂ and ＂China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook＂ to analyze MCH care resources during recent 10 years. Lorenz Curves and Gini Coefficient were used to evaluate the equality of MCH care resources allocation in each inter - province - city. Results The beds of MCH service centers were 99. 3 thousand in 2006 that increased to 195.4 thousand. Medical practi- tioners were 74, 930 that increased to 105, 832. Nurses practitioners were 47, 014 that increased to 124, 414. The number of beds, medical practitioners and nurses practitioners per 1000 women were O. 16, 0. 12 and 0. 07 that increased to 0. 29, 0. 16, and 0. 19. The number of beds, medical practitioners and nurses practitioners per 1000 children were 0. 38, 0. 29 and 0. 18 that increased to 0. 81, 0.44 and 0.51. MCH resource according to population distribution was close to equity line in each province and city. The Gini coefficient was less than 0.4, but with extreme difference range. Conclusions In last decade, the number of beds, medical practitioners and nurses practitioners of MCH shows rising trend. But annual increase rate shows wave change. Per 1000 people holding quantity of MCH in slow speed increase, and the gross is less than I, it is far below per 1000 people holding quantity of health resource.