《红楼梦》花草描写之统计分类研究

Study on the Classification of Flower Descriptions in A Dream of Red Mansions

《红楼梦》中的花草数量之多、种类之繁,非一般小说可以比肩。其中参与到具体情节中,并为刻画人物、渲染环境、表达情感等服务的花草种类多达93种,其中,太虚幻境中涉及到的花草有22种,与红楼众女儿的命运直接相关联;贾府中栽种和提及的花草有72种,多出现在不同的居所中,暗示了人物的性格与命运;诗词文赋中的花草有55种,在展现人物才情的同时,暗示了人物特质及家族命运。把前八十回和后四十回的花草描写对照起来看,无论从数量还是其所兼具的文学功能来看,后四十回都远逊于前八十回。《红楼梦》中的花草描写是《红楼梦》熠熠生辉的一道风景,也为中国传统文化中的花草文化注入了鲜活的力量。

The descriptions of flowers and plants in A Dream o f Red Mansions are numerous. There are about 93 types of flowers and plants described in the novel which were involved in the spe-cific plots and served to characterize the characters, render the environment, and to express emotions and feelings. Among them, 22 kinds of flowers and plants appeared in illusory territory and used to describe the fates of girls in the Red Mansions; 72 species appeared in Jiafu and mostly appeared in different dwellings, suggesting that the character＇s personality and fate; 55 species appeared in the text of poetry showing the talent of characters and at the same time, suggesting their traits and the overall family fate. The first eighty chapters and the last forty chapters are quite different in terms of quantity and quality of flowers and plants descriptions. The last forty chapters are far less than the previous eighty ones. The descriptions of flowers and plants served as unique scenery in A Dream of Red Mansions and they also rendered fresh vitality into the traditional Chinese flowers and plants cul-ture in return.