外贸结构、技术复杂度与中国附加值出口竞争力

Foreign Trade Structure,Technological Sophistication and China's Value-added Export Competitiveness

尽管中国已经成为世界第一大贸易国,但随着国际分工格局的调整,依赖于低劳动力成本的低附加值出口已经难以为继,如何通过提升附加值增强出口竞争力是中国新一轮对外开放亟待解决的问题。本文以WTO-OECD于2013年推出的Ti VA数据为基础,分析中国附加值出口行业结构及构成来源,并构建附加值出口技术复杂度衡量出口技术结构,利用面板数据考察了中国附加值出口竞争力的影响因素。研究发现,技术复杂度是促进中国出口商品结构优化和附加值竞争力的关键因素,开放程度的提高也有利于全球价值链体系的融入。中国应该积极推动供给侧改革,通过政策引导增强研发能力,从技术层面提高出口产品质量、优化出口产品结构,并坚持对外开放战略。

Although China has become the largest trade economy in the world,with the adjustment of the structure of the international specialization,China's low value-added exports relying on low labor costs has been difficult to sustain. How to strengthen Chinese export competitiveness by enhancing value-added is China's new round opening-up problems to be solved. Based on the Ti VA data launched by WTO-OECD in 2013,the paper analyzes the structure and source of China's value-added export industry,builds value-added export technological sophistication index to measure the technological structure of export,and uses panel data to study factors that affect China's value-added export competitiveness. The results show that technological sophistication index is the key factor in promoting the optimization of Chinese export commodity structure and value added competitiveness,and improvement of the openness is also conducive to integrating into the global value chain. China should actively promote the supply side reforms,enhance research and development capabilities through policy guidance,improve the quality of export products from the technical level,optimize the structure of export products,and insist on opening-up strategy.