紧急疏散情况下地铁车站动态瓶颈识别

Identification of Metro Station Dynamic Bottleneck in Case of Emergency Evacuation

随着城市轨道交通系统逐渐成网,地铁车站日渐拥挤,为了制定科学有效的紧急疏散方案,有必要预先找到车站瓶颈点。基于时间可靠度函数模拟乘客在紧急情况下路径选择行为,在此基础上引入M//G/C/C排队模型对车站排队系统各个服务台进行排队性能指标计算,找出潜在瓶颈点。以广州地铁3号线岗顶站为例,结合车站硬件设施尺寸数量,模拟计算最恶劣情况下乘客疏散过程,找到3处潜在瓶颈点,测算结果与实际观测情况相符合,验证了该方法的有效性。

With the continued development of urban rail transit, metro station is becoming more and more crowded. In order to make a practical and effective evacuation program, it is necessary to find out bottlenecks in advance. Time reliability function is used to simulate passenger behavior in selecting route in emergency. The M/G/C/C model is used to analyze and calculate key parameters of different service desks in metro station queuing system to find out potential bottleneck points. With reference to Gangding Station of Guangzhou Metro line 3 ,the station space structures and facilities are based to simulate and calculate passenger evacuation process in the worst conditions and three potential bottlenecks are identified. The results show that the estimated dynamic bottlenecks coincide with the points observed and the availability and effectiveness of the method are proved.