《孟子》中的“大一统”思想探析

An Analysis of the Idea of the "Great Unification" in Mencius

孟子主张用王道政治统一和治理天下,王道政治的核心是以德服人和施行仁政,即由内在的仁义出发,由内而外地通过修身齐家治国平天下的逻辑路径,最终实现天下统一和天下大治的目的。推行王道政治还要善于教导民众,让民众懂得孝悌忠信等的道理,孟子强调指出用中原华夏文明教化和改造四邻少数民族,进而实现思想文化和礼乐教化上的"大一统",因此孟子所主张的"大一统"主要是指"文一统"而非"武一统"。孟子还主张在"大一统"社会内部实行合理的社会分工,同时又提出了融洽社会关系的"君民同乐"思想,用以调和因社会分工造成的不和谐局面。孟子所设想的"大一统"政治秩序和美好图景,成为人们修正现实政治的理想坐标系。

Mencius advocates the unification and rule of the world with the kingdom of politics. The core of the benevolent politics is based on the virtue and benevolence. That is to say that it can governs the world by the way of self- cultivation,manage your family, governance of the country and unified world. The implementation of the benevolent politics should be good at teaching people so as to let the people know filial piety and faithfulness. Mencius stressed that it should civilize and transform the minority with Chinese civilization, and then realize the ＂unified＂ in culture and upbringing. So Mencius ad-vocates of the ＂unified＂ mainly refers to the ＂cultural unity＂ rather than ＂unification of force＂. Mencius also advocated a reasonable social division within the ＂unification＂ society, at the same time proposed the monarch and the people are hap-py together, to reconcile the social division caused by disharmony. That Mencius contemplated the ＂unification＂ of the political order and good picture becomes the ideal coordinate system of people correct the reality of political.