2013-2015年宁波市农村地区狂犬病暴露季节性和时间规律特征分析

Study on season specific incidence pattern of animal-related rabies exposure in rural areas,Ningbo during 2013-2015

目的了解宁波市农村地区狂犬病暴露季节性和时间规律,为狂犬病的防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过成人预防接种信息系统收集宁波市鄞州区犬伤门诊接诊的狂犬病暴露病例人数,运用圆形分析法分析狂犬病暴露的季节性和时间规律特征。结果 2013-2015年该区犬伤门诊报告狂犬病暴露患者41 323例,暴露率呈逐年递增趋势,各年的暴露率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7 685.65,P<0.01)。狂犬病暴露发生具有季节性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中Ⅰ级暴露发生的季节性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级暴露发生的季节性差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Ⅱ级暴露发生平均角为200.218°,相当于7月20日,高峰期为3月30日-11月8日;Ⅲ级暴露发生平均角为201.253°,相当于7月21日,高峰期为4月3日-11月6日。结论宁波市鄞州区狂犬病暴露具有明显季节性,Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级暴露均为夏秋季高发,在狂犬病防治工作中要充分考虑狂犬病暴露季节性特点,做好疫苗储备和犬伤门诊设置,为暴露人群提供及时的暴露后预防处置。

Objective To analyze season specific incidence pattern in rural areas and provide supporting data for the prevention and control of animal-related rabies exposure in Ningho. Methods The data of animal-related rabies exposed patients were collected from Adult Immunization Information System of Yinzhou district and the season specific incidence pattern were analyzed by circular distribution method. Results 41323 cases of animal-related rabies exposed patients were monitored during2013-2015. There was an increasing trend for exposure incidence year by year, the exposure rate had statistically significant （χ^2= 7685.65 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. The overall exposure incidence had obvious seasonality（ P 〈 0.01 ） ,while the class Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposure incidences had obvious seasonality（ P 〈 0.01 ）, but the class Ⅰ exposure incidence had no central tendency（ P 〉 0.05 ）. The mean angel of Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposure incidence were 200.218° and 201. 253° ,equivalent to July 20^th and July 21^st. The epidemic period of Ⅱ exposure was from March 30th to November 8th ,while the Ⅲ exposure was from April 3rd to November 6th. Conclusion The incidence of animal-related rabies exposure has obvious seasonality in rural areas, Ningbo. Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposure incidences are higher in summer and autumn. It is necessary to take vaccine reserves and strengthen the rabies clinics setting before the epidemic periods of animal-related rabies exposure to provide people timely preventive treatment after exposure.