深圳市龙岗区2009-2014年围产儿出生缺陷监测资料分析

Analysis on monitoring data of perinatal birth defects in Longgang District of Shenzhen City from 2009 to 2014

目的了解深圳市龙岗地区围产儿出生缺陷的发生情况及影响因素,为制定针对性干预措施、降低出生缺陷提供依据。方法依照《中国出生缺陷监测方案》,将深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健信息系统中监测的2009至2014年围产儿出生缺陷资料导出后进行回顾性分析。结果深圳市2009-2014年围产儿出生缺陷总的发生率为15.12‰,发生率呈逐年上升趋势(趋势χ~2=114.23,P<0.001),其中产前确诊占10.39%,产后确诊占89.02%。6年间出生缺陷发生率前5位依次为:先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、马蹄内翻足、外耳其他畸形、唇裂合并腭裂。男婴和女婴出生缺陷发生率有显著性差异(χ~2=57.914,P<0.001),不同户籍类型的产妇出生缺陷发生率也有显著性差异(χ~2=8.518,P=0.014)。开展免费筛查和诊断前后引产孕周的差异有统计学意义(t=4.127,P<0.001)。结论龙岗区近几年出生缺陷发生率逐年增多,尤其以先天性心脏病增长比例最高,因此应制定一、二级预防措施,加强宣传教育,加强婚前、孕前保健,重视产前筛查和产前诊断,降低出生缺陷率。

Objective To understand the occurrence of perinatal birth defects in Longgang District of Shenzhen City and look for its influencing factors,so as to provide basis for targeted intervention measures and reducing the incidence of birth defects.Methods According to Birth Defects Monitoring Program in China,the data of perinatal birth defects monitored from 2009 to 2014 in Longgang District Maternal and Child Health Care Information System were exported and analyzed retrospectively.Results The total incidence of perinatal birth defects from 2009 to 2014 in Longgang District was 15.12‰,and it showed an increasing trend year by year（χ~2=114.23,P〈0.001）.The rate of prenatal diagnosis of birth defects was 10.39%,and the rate of postnatal diagnosis was 89.02%.The top five types of birth defects from 2009 to 2014 were in the order of congenital heart disease,multi finger（toe）,clubfoot,external ear deformity and cleft lip with cleft palate.There was significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between baby boy and baby girl（χ~2=57.914,P〈0.001）,and the difference in the birth defects of different household types was also significant（χ~2=8.518,P=0.014）.There was significant difference in pregnancy week of labor before and after free screening and diagnosis work（t=4.127,P〈0.001）.Conclusion The incidence of birth defects increases in recent years,especially with the highest percentage of congenital heart disease.It should be focused on making primary and secondary prevention measures for reducing the incidence of birth defects.