一种新的物质形态——夸克胶子等离子体

A new state of matter——quark-gluon plasma

进入21世纪以来,随着美国Brookhaven国家实验室的相对论重离子对撞机和欧洲核子中心的大型强子对撞机的相继运行,对于物质深层次状态的认识达到了前所未有的高度。特别是对于夸克胶子等离子体这种新的物质形态的研究得到蓬勃发展,取得很多成就。文章主要介绍:(1)强相互作用和量子色动力学的相结构;(2)夸克胶子等离子体的物理性质;(3)夸克胶子等离子体在重离子碰撞实验中的信号。

Since we entered the 21 st century, our understanding of the state of matter at the most fundamental level has been significantly deepened, mainly due to the successful l-unning of the relativistic heavy-ion collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the U.S. and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. In particular, a new state of matter, the so-called quark-gluon plasma, has been extensively investigated, and many new and important achievements have been made. In this article we shall discuss the following points： 1） the strong interaction and phase structure of quantum chromodynamics, 2） the various properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and 3） the ex- perimental signals of the quark-gluon plasma in high energy nuclear collisions.