生活垃圾堆肥设施VOCs排放特征及臭氧生成潜势分析

Emission Characteristics and Ozone Formation Potential of VOCs from a Municipal Solid Waste Composting Plant

针对生活垃圾堆肥处理设施生产工艺流程,采用便携式气质联用仪分析了生活垃圾堆肥设施各工段VOCs的组分及含量,并用等效丙烯浓度法与最大增量反应活性法计算了其臭氧生成潜势.结果表明,在垃圾卸料分选车间、一次发酵车间、二次发酵车间、堆肥产品存放车间以及厂界中VOCs的总浓度分别为10 302.1、15 484.1、929.9、4 693.6与370.4μg·m^(-3).乙醇、柠檬烯和丙酮是生活垃圾堆肥设施释放VOCs的主要组成物质.采用等效丙烯浓度法计算出的垃圾卸料分选车间、一次发酵车间、二次发酵车间、堆肥产品存放车间以及厂界中的臭氧生成潜势分别为25 875.7、4 087.9、378.0、747.7与296.8μg·m^(-3);采用最大增量反应活性法时的臭氧生成潜势分别为26 979.3、21 168.3、14 69.3、6 439.6与455.8μg·m^(-3).控制垃圾卸料分选车间和一次发酵车间的VOCs排放对减少空气污染,降低生活垃圾堆肥处理设施臭氧生成潜势具有重要意义.通过比较,最大增量反应活性法更适合于计算生活垃圾堆肥设施中VOCs的臭氧生成潜势.

In Beijing, the chemical composition and component concentrations of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were investigated during the municipal solid waste composting process using a portable gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. The contributions of VOCs to the ozone formation potential were computed using the maximum incremental reactivity （MIR） scale and the propylene-equivalent concentration scale. The results showed that the concentrations of waste discharge in the sorting room, the first fermentation workshop, the second fermentation workshop, the compost product workshop, and the plant boundary were 10302.1, 15484.1, 929.9, 4693.6 and 370.4 μg·m-3, respectively. The main VOCs of the municipal solid waste composting plant were ethanol, limonene, and acetone. The propylene-equivalent concentrations of waste discharge in the sorting room, the first fermentation workshop, the second fermentation workshop, the compost product workshop, and the plant boundary were 25875.7, 4087.9, 378.0, 747.7 and 296.8 μg·m^-3, whereas the O3 formation potentials computed using the MIR scale were 26979.3, 21168.3, 1469.3, 6439.6 and 455.8 μg·m^-3. Reducing pollution by controlling the VOCs emission of waste discharge in the sorting room and the first fermentation workshop is important and can decrease the ozone formation potential. Given the accuracy and accessibility of the method, the MIR scale is more suitable for calculating the ozone formation potential of VOCs emitted from the municipal solid waste composting plant.