原油接卸港区通过能力提升研究

Capacity improvements of crude oil import terminals

为拓宽解决中国主要港区的原油接卸量通过能力不足问题的思路,以原油接卸港区航行作业和码头装卸作业2个子系统为研究对象,针对我国普遍采用的单向航道特点,运用Arena软件仿真获得增建泊位、建设避让区不同措施组合下系统的理论通过能力、平均在港延误时间等关键指标,为我国原油接卸港区的通过能力提升提供优化方案。以日照实华原油码头有限公司为实例的研究表明:泊位建设对原油接卸码头通过能力提升的百分比随泊位数增加而降低;避让区建设对通过能力提升的百分比随泊位数增加而提高;两者协同可显著提升通过能力并大幅减少油轮平均在港延误时间。

In order to expand ideas for improving the insufficient capacity of many crude oil import terminals in China, this study examined the capacity improvements of a crude oil import terminal consisting of a navigation subsystem and a terminal subsystem. As the navigation subsystem featured a one-way navigation channel, we focused on the scenario of adding berths for unloading and building a ship-passing anchorage （ SPAC ） as a buffer zone. The terminal capacity and the tanker average delay time under different scenarios were obtained through simulation with the software Arena. A case study of the Shihua Terminal of the Rizhao Port shows that the marginal increase in the capacity of the crude oil import terminal decreases with the mere increase of the unloading berths; that the percentage increase in the capacity, as a result of building a SPAC, increases with the added unloading berths; and that adding unloading berths and building an extra anchorage area concurrently reduce the average delay time of tankers at the port significantly.