大肠杆菌噬菌体对肉鸡肠道菌群的影响

Effects of coliphages on the intestinal microflora of broilers

为观察噬菌体对鸡肠道菌群的影响,将大肠杆菌噬菌体通过饮水给肉鸡服用。30只肉鸡随机分为3组,噬菌体Bp4组、噬菌体Bp7组以及对照组,每组10只。将噬菌体添加到饮水中,保证每只鸡摄入109 PFU/d的噬菌体,连续使用15d。收集粪便,测定粪便中大肠菌群、细菌总数,并对盲肠内容物进行16SrDNA V4区测序分析,评价不同噬菌体对肠道菌群结构的影响。结果显示,噬菌体可引起肉鸡肠道中大肠杆菌和细菌总数显著性降低,但菌群多样性没有改变。在"目"水平,与对照组相比,Bp7组的拟杆菌目所占比例下降13.5%(P<0.05),厌氧支原体目升高2.9%(P<0.05),Elusimicrobia目降低4.8%(P<0.05),Bp4组仅Elusimicrobia目所占比例降低5.6%(P<0.05);在"科"水平,Bp7组的Barnesiellaceae科所占比例下降7%(P<0.05),厌氧支原体科升高2.9%(P<0.05),Bp4组厌氧支原体科升高1.2%(P<0.05);在"属"水平,Bp7组的厌氧原体属所占比例升高2.9%(P<0.05),Elusimicrobium属和考拉菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)分别降低1.5%及7.5%(P<0.05),Bp4组Elusimicrobium属和考拉菌属分别降低1.2%和10.3%(P<0.05)。结果表明,大肠杆菌噬菌体可引起肉鸡肠道中大肠杆菌菌群数和细菌总数的显著减少,但肠道菌群结构没有显著性差异,肠道菌群含量在各分类地位上都有明显变化。噬菌体饮水对鸡大肠杆菌性腹泻的治疗效果有待进一步研究。

To study the effects of coliphages on the intestinal microflora of broilers when the phages were added in the drinking water, thirty chickens were randomly assigned into three groups, the phage Bp4 group （n=10）,the phage Bp7 group （n= 10） and the control group （n= 10）. During the experiment period of 15 days,the chickens in the control group were given tap water,and the chickens in the phage groups were given phages in the drinking water （109 PFU/day per chicken）. Broiler feces were collected for the detecting of coliform number and total bacterial count, and cecal contents were used for the analysis of the V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene. The results showed that both phage Bp4 and Bp7 could cause that the coliform number and total bacterial count de- creased significantly, but the flora diversity did not change obviously in both groups. In Order lev- el,compared with the control group, the abundance of Bacteroidales and Elusimicrobia decreased significantly in Bp7 group （13.5% and 4.8% respectively,P〈0.05） and that of Anaeroplasmata- ceae increased by 2.9 % （P〈0.05）, while the abundance of Elusimicrobia decreased by 5.6% in Bp4 group （P〈0.05）. In Family level, there was a decrease of Barnesiella （7%, P〈0.05） and an increase of Anaeroplasmataceae （2. 9%, P〈0. 05） in Bp7 group compared with the control group,while the abundance of AnaeropJasmataceae in Bp4 group increased by 1.2% （P〈0.05） ;in Genera level,the abundance of Anaerotruncus in Bp7 group increased by 2. 9% （P〈0.05）,and Elusimicrobium and Phascolarctobacterium declined 1.5% and 7.5% （P〈0.05） respectively in Bp7 group compared with the control group,while the abundance of Elusimicrobium and Phasco- larctobacterium reduced by 1.2% and 10.3% （P〈0.05） in Bp4 group compared with the control group. Coliphages added in drinking water could cause obvious a decrease of coliform number and total bacterial count in broiler faeces, but the gut microflora diversity did not change, the abun- dance of intestinal microflora changed significantly in all the classification levels. Further studies should be done towards the treatment of chicken colibacillosis by phages.