论古希腊的“工匠精神”

“The Ethos of Craftsmanship” in Ancient Greece

在古典希腊时期的技艺思想中,在某种程度上存在着工匠与其技艺活动之间的分离倾向。这种倾向一方面导致哲人对工匠的德性的相对漠视和对其产品之卓越的高度关注,另一方面则暗示了工匠与知识、德性之间多重、复杂的关联。针对这一倾向,希腊化时期的斯多亚派在发展了一种宽泛的技艺概念的基础上特别转向工匠与其技艺活动过程之间的内在联系,从而在对"工作"的道德化过程中真正开出了某种工匠精神。

In the classical Greece, there is a tendency of separation between the craftsman and his activities as well as the products. This kind of separa- tion, on one hand, caused the philosophers＇ ignorance of the craftsman＇ virtues and their emphasis on the excellence of the products, but on the other hand also indicated the complex relationships between the craftsman and knowledge, virtue. Against this separation, the Stoics later developed a board concept of techn~. Based on that, they turned their attention to the inherent relationship between the craftsmen and their activities, and hence explored some kind of ethos of craftsmanship by moralizing ＂ work＂ .