形而上学自然观的批判与超越——马克思与怀特海有机自然观的聚合

The Critique and Transcendence of Metaphysical View of Nature——The Aggregation of Marx and Whitehead's Organic View of Nature

形而上学的自然观是基于某种实体为立足点来解释这整个自然界,进而又将组成这个自然界的实体还原为物质实体或精神实体。"实体本体论"的范式构成了以往形而上学自然观的内在症结。马克思与怀特海都不约而同地批判了"传统本体论"诠释存在的静态思维,并且转向动态的角度将自然阐述为一种系统的、整体的、过程的观点。马克思运用实践范畴扬弃了传统唯物主义及唯心主义对自然的片面认识,在人与自然的对象性关系中阐发了他的有机自然观;怀特海将整个自然界阐释为一个活动的有机体,从而实体也就被理解为一个功能与结构。由此,马克思与怀特海的有机自然观生动诠释了主体与客体、现象与本质、主观与客观辩证关系的过程原理。整个世界因而能够被视为一个不断变化、发展、生成、灭亡的过程。

Metaphysical View of Nature is based on a kind of entity to explain the whole nature, and then it will restore the substance of the nature to the physical or spiritual entity. The paradigm of ＂ entity ontology＂ forms the intrinsic sticking point of metaphysical View of Nature in the past. Marx and White also criticize the ＂traditional ontology＂ the static thinking of interpret existence and have turned to using dynamic angle to describe the natural as a kind of systematic, integral , proeessive, the organic view. Marx utilize the practice category to sublate the one - sided understanding of the nature in tradition- al materialism and idealism point of view, and illustrate his organic view of nature in the objective relationship between man and nature ; Whitehead ex- plain the nature as a living organism, in which the entity can be understood as a function and structure. Thus, the organic nature of Marx and Whitehead has a vivid interpretation of the processive principle between the subject and the object, the phenomenon and the essence, the subjective and objective di- alectical relationship. The whole world can be seen as a process of constant change, development, creation, and destruction.