论非责任政府及其向责任政府过渡的前提

Irresponsible Government and the Precondition of its Transition to Responsible Government

与责任政府相对的非责任政府,是缺乏能够问政府责任的社会实体,即除了体制内的主体之外,实际上不存在以和平的方式能够对政府及其行为问责的主体,这是非责任政府的本质特征。对于现实中的责任政府来说,负责对象的"上下"两个主体、官僚体系外的广泛参与、不同系列官员之间的制衡等是必要的条件,而英、美、法等国家的经验和一些历史表明,迫使政府接受负责制的社会力量的存在,是向负责制政府过渡的一个前提条件。

Irresponsible government is in contrast to responsible government. It is lack of social entity which can supervise the ac- countability of the government. To be more specific, the government is supervised by itself other than external agencies. This is also the primary characteristic of irresponsible government. In reality, two supervised subjects-higher government and the people, external participation of the bureaucratic system, counterbalance between different types of bureaucrats are the pre-requisitions of responsible government. Historical experience from UK, USA and France indicates social force which can make government take responsibility is the precondition of its transition to responsible government.