遵义市2002-2013年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of epidemic encephalitis B in Zunyi city during 2002-2013

目的分析遵义市2002-2013年流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)的发病及死亡情况、流行病学特征。方法对遵义市2002-2013年乙脑的发病及死亡情况进行描述性及统计学分析。结果遵义市2002-2013年乙脑发病率、病死率均成下降趋势。乙脑发病、死亡人群以15岁以下的散居儿童和学生为主,均集中在7、8月份;扩大免疫接种后,在年龄、职业、时间分布上乙脑发病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在地区分布上乙脑发病率、病死率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乙脑疫苗的免疫效果好,但发病年龄、月份有向后移的趋势,应根据乙脑的流行病学特征制订相应的综合防治措施。

Objective To analyze morbidity,mortality and epidemiological characteristics of epidemic encephalitis B （Japanese encephalitis） from 2002 to 2013 in Zunyi. Methods The descriptive and statistical analysis of the incidence and death of epidemic encephalitis B from 2002 to 2013 in Zunyi was carried out. Results The morbidity and mortality were on a downward trend of epidemic encephalitis B in Zunyi from 2002 to 2013 ;most of the death and incidence cases occurred in July and August from children living scattered and students under age 15;after immunization expansion, the incidence of encephalitis B showed significant differences between ages,occupations,and time points （P〈0. 05） ;in the regional distribution of epidemic encephalitis B, incidence and mortality had significant differences （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Promising results might be generally obtained after expansion of encephalitis B immunization. However,there is a tendency of shifting back in terms of onset age and month. Therefore, comprehensive prevention measures should be implemented according to the epidemiological features of epidemic encephalitis B.