摘要
本文讨论如何对先秦"者"的各种用法做统一的解释。首先说明"者"无法统一为"名词化标记",试图这样统一的努力不成功。然后说明朱德熙将"者"统一为"转指标记"的提议值得肯定的地方和存在的问题。值得肯定的地方是把自指的"者"和转指的"者"统一解释符合科学研究追求"简洁性"的精神,突破了自指和转指必须对立的成见;存在的问题则是这种处理存在一个理论上的不自洽:如果将VP后的"者"定性为名词化标记,就无法将"者"统一为转指标记;如果将"者"统一为转指标记,就不能将VP后的"者"定性为名词化标记。存在这种问题的原因是没有彻底摆脱印欧语观念的束缚,过分看重主谓结构的地位和默认"名动分立"。针对问题和问题的成因,本文提出的统一方式是将"者"根本上定性为自指性的"提顿复指词",它的转指功能是衍生的,这个解释在逻辑顺序和历史顺序上达成一致。
This paper focuses on the question of how to unitarily explain different usages of zhe(者)in Pre-Qin Chinese.Firstly,it demonstrates that the attempt to unify usages of zhe as a nominalization marker was not successful.Secondly,based on analysis of the merits and demerits of Zhu Dexi's proposal on unifying zhe as a transferred designation marker,the paper points out that the unsuccessfulness of the proposal is due to the borrowed Indo-European concepts,which deem subject-predicate as a basic structure with verb its pivot and tacitly approve noun-verb separation.In light of the problems mentioned above,this paper suggests we should thoroughly break away from the borrowed concepts and unify zhe as pausal-resumptive demonstrative,or intensified self-designation marker,from which the function of transferred designation is derived.This explanation has the merit of making the logical order be in agreement with the historical order.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期277-289,共13页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
国家社科基金青年项目(编号:13CYY005)
中国博士后科学基金第57批面上(编号:2015M571214)资助
关键词
先秦“者”
自指
转指
提顿复指词
zhe in Pre-Qin
self-designation
transferred designation
pausal-resumptive demonstrative
