试论“有加”的附缀化与“X有加”的构式化

On the cliticization of youjia(有加) and the construction of the "X-youjia"

现代汉语"有加"分别是短语、动词与准后附缀。"有加"后附选择的倾向是:谓词"X"的及物性越高,就越有可能被附加;但随着附缀化日益成熟,这一倾向正在淡化。"X有加"构式除了充当谓语外,也可以充当定、状语和补语。"有加"的附缀化经历了从跨层短语到施与动词,从动词谓语到后补附加,从参与类推到组建构式三个阶段。"有加"附缀化的渐趋成熟,表现为:结构转化、搭配泛化、语义虚化、语音弱化。"X有加"构式的特定表达功用体现为:情态化的强调方式、多样化的表义倾向、互补化的对举格式。

Youjia(有加,lit.have plus)develops along the cline of'phrase>verb>enclitic'.A tendency is observed concerning the use of the clitized youjia,i.e.the higher degree of transitivity the predicate'X'exhibits,the more likely the clitic is attached.But the tendency is waning with the cliticalization becoming more established.The'X-youjia'structure acts as a predicate,an adverbial and as a complement.It has undergone the tripartite grammaticalization chains,i.e.from cross-IC phrase to GIVE verb,from verbal phrase to postposing complement,and from analogy facilitator to the final construction.Along this chain the cliticalization process is becoming full-fledged in terms of structural transformation,usage extension,semantic bleaching and phonetic reduction.