文学与文化记忆的交会

The Interaction of Literature and Cultural Memory

文学是文化记忆的对象,同时也是文化记忆的媒介。与以机构化、经典化为基础的文学的记忆不同,以虚构为特征的文学作品所演示的回忆形式更加丰富,也更具活力。它能够运用修辞和叙述策略连接不同的时间层面,使时空交错;它能够联系回忆者和被回忆者的主体心理感受,使之产生交替,还能够通过不同的聚焦形式确定回忆的重点;它"允许"回忆偏离事实,既展现过去,也能对其做出评价和修正,从而将回忆的重构作用发挥到极限。厘清这些充满张力的关系,不仅能够拓宽文化记忆研究的领域,也能为文学研究找到新的思路。

Literature is the object as well as the medium of cuhural memory. Unlike the memory in literature which is based upon institutionalization and canonization, the literature, which is fictionally featured, demonstrates more vivid and active forms of memorizing. It can connect different time layers to mix the time and space dimensions using rhetorical and narrating strategies ; it can connect the mental perception of the recaller to that of the recalled to make them interact and can also locate the key point of the memory through different focusing forms ; it ＂allows＂ the memory to deviate from the facts, which makes it possible to demonstrate the past while make comments and amendments to it. In this case, it extends the reconstructing function of the memory to its extreme. Organizing all these intensive relationships can not only broaden the realm of cultural memory study, but also find new approaching methods for the literature study.