双语者语言切换的抑制控制及其影响因素研究

Inhibitory Control in Bilingual Processing and Its Impact Factors

双语者能够在两种或者多种语言之间切换的认知机制是什么,这一话题近年来引起了研究者的广泛兴趣。抑制控制被认为是双语切换的核心机制,为此研究者基于不同的理论模型进行了大量的行为、脑电和功能成像实验来验证抑制在双语者语言加工和切换中的作用,但并未取得一致意见,这种争议可能源于研究者对抑制控制内容和影响因素缺乏统一认识和考虑,鉴于此,本文系统分析抑制控制的核心内容和影响因素,并提出未来研究要在以下方面取得突破:引用双语加工非抑制控制模型、细化抑制控制内容、拓展影响抑制的因素、结合脑电和核磁来明确抑制控制作用位置和探明抑制时间进程等。

Recently, researchers start to show interests in how bilinguals control their attentional resources and interference to switch between two or more languages successfully and what cognitive mechanism might contribute to this switch. Green （1998） put forward inhibitory control to which language switch might be attributed. Currently, based on Green （1998） ＇ s inhibitory control model, ample behavior and imaging research has been done to test the role of inhibitory control in task switch and bilingual speech production. However, researchers fail to reach an agreement upon the role of inhibitory control. This failure might be attributed to the fact that much research has been done without considering the specific content of in- hibitory control and the factors affecting it. Thus, the current paper aims to analyze what inhibitory control is composed of and what factors may impact bilingual inhibitory control. It is also pointed out that the future study needs to make a break- through in variegating bilingual inhibitory control models, specifying inhibitory control, working out more impact factors, and combining EEG and fMRI to clarify the location and time course of inhibitory control.