美国州级高等教育治理的权力结构演变与政府角色定位

The Evolution of Power Structure and Role Definition of State Government of State-level Higher Education Governance in the United State

州级高等教育治理变革在美国高等教育走向卓越的过程中发挥了不可或缺的作用。受高等教育规模扩张、"政府再造"以及"新问责"运动的影响,美国州级高等教育治理经历了由分权趋于集权、集权分权相互演替以及以绩效为导向的多元治理等三次重大变革,州政府先后扮演高等教育资源提供者与高等教育期望的调节者、规制者以及消费者支持者、掌舵者等多种角色。

The reform of state-level higher education governance has played an indispen- sable role in the process of excellence of higher education in the United States . With the his- torical change of state-level higher education governance in the United States as the theme, based on the two dimensions of the evolution of power and the role definition, it found that state-level higher education governance has experienced three major changes： from decentral- ization to centralization, mutual succession between centralization and decentralization, di- versified governance oriented performance under the influence of expansion of higher educa- tion, and reconstruction of government and the movement of new accountability. State gov- ernment has played three mixed characters： providers of higher education resource and conditioners of higher education expectations, regulators and supporters of consumers and steerers and so on.