大跨度大空间建筑火灾坍塌事故统计分析

The statistics and analysis of large span and spatial buildings collapse caused by fire

通过调研国内1990-2016年间部分大跨度、大空间建筑火灾坍塌事故典型案例,对坍塌建筑的使用功能、材料与结构、坍塌部位与形式、人员伤亡情况进行统计分析。结果表明:在火灾中,厂房车间、仓库等建筑发生坍塌的概率要远高于其他建筑;坍塌建筑多以钢筋混凝土和钢结构为主;多表现为整体垮塌或局部坍塌,且往往伴有较大的人员伤亡。此外,坍塌建筑一般存在消防设计或管理不规范、违规使用等情况。

By studying some typical domestic cases of large span and spatial building＇s collapse caused by fire from 1990 to 2016,the authors made the statistics and analysis on the following aspects：collapse structures function,materials and structure,collapse areas and types,casualties and etc.The results showed that the probability of workshop collapse,warehouse collapse and similar building collapse is much higher than other buildings;collapse structures are mainly reinforced concrete and steel structure;collapse types are mainly performed by part or whole collapse and often accompanied by large casualties;collapse structures generally have irregular or misuse fire protection design,substandard man agement and etc.