核酸适配体的体外筛选方法的最新研究进展

The Latest Progress on the Methods for in Vitro Screening Aptamers

核酸适配体是用配体指数富集系统进化技术(SELEX)在体外筛选得到的一小段寡核苷酸序列,能够选择性的与不同的靶标特异性的结合,包括蛋白质、小分子、有机物、金属离子、药物等,具有高亲和力和高特异性。这项技术的诸多优势,使其迅速得到重视,核酸适配体在生物传感器、基因芯片、新药开发、纳米技术等诸多方面应用广泛。但是传统的SELEX方法操作繁琐,筛选周期长,需要几个月的时间才能筛选出与靶标具有高特异性的核酸适配体。随着SELEX的快速发展,近年来出现了很多新型的筛选方法,这些新的方法大大提高了筛选周期,极大的提高了筛选效率,拓展了核酸适配体的应用。总结介绍了近三年来出现的几种新型的核酸适配体的筛选方法,包括氧化石墨烯SELEX(Multiple GO-SELEX)、单壁碳纳米管辅助细胞SELEX(SWCNTs-assisted cell-SELEX)、基于芯片的细胞SELEX(on-chip Cell-SELEX)、序列构造SELEX(Sequence-constructive SELEX)、高保真SELEX(High-Fidelity SELEX),有助于人们进一步了解、认识核酸适配体筛选技术的发展现状,更好促进核酸适体在各个领域中的应用前景。

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that are screened by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment（SELEX）in vitro,which can selectively bind to different target with high affinity and high specificity,including protein,small molecules,organic compound,metal ions,drugs,etc. This technology has attracted more attentions for its advantages and thus it has been applied widelyin many aspects such as biological sensor,gene chip,new drug development,nano technology,etc. However,the traditional SELEX methodis cumbersome,which usually takes several months to screen out the target of nucleic acid in high specificity. With the rapid developmentof SELEX,many novel screening methods have emerged in recent years. The screening cycle and the screening efficiency are improved withthese new methods,and the application of aptamers is expanded. This review introduces several new screening methods in recent three years,including multiple GO-SELEX,SWCNTs-assisted cell-SELEX,on-chip Cell-SELEX,Sequence-constructive SELEX and High-Fidelity（HI FI）SELEX,It is helpful for us to know more about the latest progress on the methods for in vitro screening aptamers and to promote theapplication of aptamers in various fields..