6世纪前中印陆路交通与经贸往来——古代于阗的转口贸易与市场经济

The Land Transportation and Trade between China and India before the Sixth Century: The Re-export and Economic Development of Ancient Khotan

汉代丝绸之路以南道为重,连接中印始发于阗所属皮山的罽宾道,系南道的主要支线。于阗和南亚次大陆毗邻接壤,作为丝路贸易的中转站和对外窗口,其市场活跃,城镇经济发展迅速。魏晋时期,中印交通线已成为南道的主要干线。随着丝织品输向南亚次大陆,印度及西方的毛织品、玻璃、香药及各种奇珍异宝也纷纷通过于阗向中原输送。即使在战乱期间,民间交往持续不断。通过喀喇昆仑山口直达克什米尔的捷径开拓通行,进一步拉近了于阗和南亚的距离,不仅民间贸易频繁,社会文化生活也互多影响,不断发现的文物遗存向人们透露出越来越多的相关信息。

During Han dynasty, the southern route was the spotlight of the Silk Road. The main branch of the southern route was the Kophen Road, which began at Pi-shan of Khotan and connected China and India. Khotan borders the South Asian Subcontinent. Khotan functioned as the transit point and the external window of the Silk Road. The frequent trading between China and India leads to Khotan＇s highly active market and urban rapid development. During Wei-Jin period, China-India transportation line had become the main artery of the southern route. With colorful silk fabrics being transported to South Aisan subcontinent, the wool fabrics, glass, aromatic herbs and all kinds of rare treasures were delivered to the Central Plain from India and West at the same time. The relationship between civil society continued even during wartime. The distance between Khotan and South Asia was further shortened since the opening of road directly to Kashmir through Karakorum Pass. Besides the frequent civil trading, social cultural was also interacted. The ongoing discovery of cultural monuments reveals more and more relevant information.