巴蜀文化墓葬出土铜刀文化因素分析——兼及巴蜀文化发展进程管窥

Analysis of Cultural Elements Represented by Bronze Knives from Ba-Shu Culture Burials

巴蜀文化墓葬出土铜刀包含了中原文化和北方文化两类外来因素,两者融合之后产生了许多新的器型,其中一部分新器型实现了土著化,成为蜀文化铜刀的主要形制。据不同文化属性铜刀数量的历时性变化,可将铜刀划分成舶来、土著、变革三个发展阶段,并以铜刀发展及相关历史背景为基础,管窥出巴蜀文化亦经历了三个发展阶段,其特征从早到晚分别为守商周、倾荆楚、染秦化。

This paper argues that the bronze knives excavated from Ba-Shu culture burials contain elements from both the Central Plains culture and the Northern culture. Through integrating these two exotic cultural elements, many new types appeared, and some localized types even became the major type of weapons in the Shu culture. Based on the diachronie change in the numbers of bronze knives belonging to different cultural origins, this paper divides the development of bronze knives into three general stages, namely the importation, localization, and transformation stages. The authors also analyze the historical background and identify a parallel developmental trend in the Ba-Shu culture. In general, the three stages reflected by these typological changes can be viewed as： conservative to the Shang-Zhou culture, the pro-Chu culture, and a stage heavily influenced by the Qin culture.