2013-2016年涪陵区农村环境卫生现状调查

Present Situation of Rural Sanitation in Fuling District,2013-2016

目的了解涪陵区农村环境卫生现状,为制订农村环境卫生政策措施提供依据和技术支持。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,随机抽取涪陵区20个乡(镇)、80个行政村作为调查对象。通过查阅资料、现场访谈与观察及实验室检测等方法获得调查数据。结果涪陵区农村居民经济来源以外出打工和种植业为主。村内道路96.25%全部或部分硬化。本次调查的224 120人中82.39%的农村居民集中式供水,集中式供水方式主要是完全处理。调查的72 921户农村居民中,有67.84%的农户使用卫生厕所,卫生厕所的类型主要是完整下水道水冲式和沼气池式、以及三格式。80个行政村有34个村生活垃圾收集方式是定点堆放、30个村是统一收集,16个村随意堆放。生活垃圾的处理方式主要是填埋和焚烧。生活污水的排放方式主要是管道、随意倾倒和明沟。生活污水的排放地点主要是农田和管道。环境卫生管理方面:80个行政村有90%的村开展过农村环境卫生相关宣传,68.75%的村做过专门环境卫生规划和建有环境卫生管理制度,78.75%的村有经费不等的环境卫生投入,42.50%的村有专(兼)职保洁员。病媒控制方面:80个行政村有98%的村开展过灭鼠工作,56.25%的村开展过灭蝇工作,50.00%的村开展过灭蚊工作,58.75%的村开展过灭蟑螂工作。80份农村土壤样品微生物(蛔虫卵)检验全部合格,理化检验铅、铬含量全部合格,只有3份土壤样品镉含量超标。结论涪陵区农村环境卫生现状总体较好。但无害化卫生厕所普及、生活垃圾和生活污水的收集和处理有待加强,少部分农村居民分散式供水有待改善。

Objective To know the present situation of rural sanitation in Fuling, and to provide a basis and tech- nical support to formulat the sanitary policy in rural areas. Methods Used multi - stage stratified random sam- pling method, twenty village and towns （eighty administrative villages） were randomly selected in Fuling dis- trict, acquired survey data by consulting reference material, interviewing, observing and testing in the laborato- ry, etc. Results The main income sources of rural residents are two ways, employed as migrant workers and crop farming, 96. 25% village roads are hardened completely or partially. 82.39% of 224 120 residents use water from centralized water supply plant, and all tile centralized water supply are fully processed. 67.84% of 72 921 residents use sanitary toilets. The main types of sanitary toilets are water flushing toilets, biogas toilets and three -chamber toilets. By investigating 80 administrative villages, we found that there were 34 fixed -places for household garbage gathering, 30 villages＇ household gar-bage were collected by garbage -disposal site, 16 villages＇ household garbage were dumped at will. The main disposal ways of garbage were landfill and burning. There were three disposal ways of sewage ： discharged into pipeline, open trench and discharged at will. The main disposal locations of sewage were pipeline and farm- land. Environmental sanitary administration： 90% of 80 administrative villages launched publicity and educa- tion about rural environmental sanitation. 68.75% villages established sanitary management system. 78.75% villages spend money on public sanitation. 42. 50% villages had full time or part time cleaners. Vector control： 98% villages carried out killing rodents, 56.25% villages carried out killing flies, 50% villages carried out e- radiating mosquitoes and 58.75% villages carried out exterminating cockroaches. By testing 80 rural soil sam- ples, the result of microorganism （ ova of roundworm） was all qualified, the content of plumbum and chromium were all qualified, only the content of cadmium in 3 samples exceeded the criterion. Conclusion The present situation of rural sanitary environment overall is good. However, the popularization of sanitary toilet, discharge methods of garbage and domestic wastewater, and non - central water supply need to be improved.