明代气候变化对江南日常生活及生产的影响

The Impacts of Climate Change in the Ming Dynasty on the Daily Life and Production in the South of the Yangtze River

本文以气候冷暖变化和梅雨变化入手,讨论其对明代江南地区衣、食、住、行等最基本的日常生活及生产劳作的影响。严寒不仅造成交通阻塞,与之相关还会致使粮食不能及时到达,薪炭也出现严重短缺,价格飞涨;极端严寒造成春花作物的歉收和柑橘种植的衰退;相反,温暖气候则会使得柑橘种植规模扩大,增加乡民收入。梅雨活动具有较大的年际变化,早梅雨、长梅雨以及空梅、少梅等异常梅雨会对江南农业造成严重损失。但因身份地位的不同,同样程度的气候变化对明代江南民生的影响表现出明显的差异性,士绅阶层受气候变化的影响较小,普通民众则是主要的受害者。

Based on the temperature change and the plum rain change of Ming Dynasty, We discussed the impact on the society of the South of the Yangtze River. We analyzed the impacts of climate change on the basic daily life and production, Including clothing, food, housing, travel, etc. But because of the different status, the same degree of climate change to the public daily life effect showed obvious difference.