2016年四川省农村学龄儿童青少年营养状况分析

Nutritional Status of Rural School-age Children and Adolescents in Sichuan,2016

目的分析四川省2016年农村学龄儿童青少年营养状况,为进一步制定科学的营养干预措施提供参考。方法从四川省80个监测县的农村学校随机抽取小学和初中学生进行身高、体重测量和营养状况评估。结果监测的农村学龄儿童青少年营养不良检出率17.67%,其中生长迟缓、消瘦检出率分别为6.43%和11.24%,高于全国农村平均水平(χ~2值分别为81.80、24.66,P<0.05);超重、肥胖检出率分别为7.31%、4.15%,低于全国农村平均水平(χ~2值分别为27.22、42.39,P<0.05);随着年龄增加,营养不良检出率有上升趋势(趋势χ~2值为351.90,P<0.05),超重、肥胖检出率呈下降趋势(趋势χ~2值分别为345.70、1 137.86,P<0.05);男生营养不良、超重和肥胖检出率高于女生(趋势χ~2值分别为590.21、187.00、56.23,P<0.05)。结论四川省农村学龄儿童青少年营养健康面临营养不良和营养过剩双重挑战,且营养不良状况更为突出,应加大农村地区营养改善投入力度,抓住学生食育重点,探索包括营养健康教育、身体活动、供餐管理及创建营养校园环境等措施在内的综合干预机制,干预过程应对男生营养状况变化予以特别关注。

Objective To examine the nutritional status of rural school - age children and adolescents in Sichuan. Methods Weight, height and nutritional status of the students chosen from rural primary schools and middle schools randomly among 80 districts and counties were measured and assessed. Results The monitored rural school - age children and adolescents＇ prevalence of malnutrition was 17.67%. The prevalence of growth retardation and emaciation were 6.43% and 11.24% respectively, they were higher than the national rural average level （χ^2 =81.80, 24. 66, P 〈0. 05）. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 7.31% and 4. 15% respectively, they were lower than the national rural average level （χ^2=27.22, 42.39, P 〈 0. 05）. With increasing age, the prevalence of malnutrition was rising （χ^2 = 351.90, P 〈 0. 05）, overweight and obesity were declined （χ^2 = 345.70, 1 137. 86, P 〈 0. 05）. The prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity in boys were significantly higher than that in girls （χ^2 = 590.21, 187.00, 56.23, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The health condition of rural school - age children and adolescents in Sichuan were challenged both by malnutrition and over nutrition, especially the situation of malnutrition was serious. More effective interventions and strategies should be taken to improve the children and adolescents＇ nutritional status, including health education, promotion of exercises, diet- ary administration, good campus environment and so on. It is important to pay close attention to boys＇ nutritional status during intervention.